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AI Res

The Human Brain VS Artificial Intelligence

Written by Sharnaya Panag on Digilah (Student Tech Research)

I am Sharnaya Panag, a graduate of O. P. Jindal Global University with a Journalism and Communication degree. I am fascinated by the hold machine and IoT has on our species, knowing that what has become of us, cannot be undone. My greatest interest is understanding and writing about our Psyche and the future we will create for ourselves.

Can mankind’s unquenchable thirst to make life easier lead to our own downfall?

It was around 5 million years ago that for the first time, the planet witnessed the breakthrough of sentient life. Nature created a species so astute, one that would never act on behalf of the will of the planet, but the will of itself.

Since Man’s inception, there has been one thing that has remained constant throughout our history. If the past has shown us one thing it is that humanity will go to great lengths to create a life of increasing comfort.

We have a very deep connection with our past, as our ancestors left behind a trail of evidence to help us decode our history. The more we read, the more it helps us to communicate with the past. 

One can take a look through manifold scriptures, some pieces of literature or even just a page out of a diary, and for a moment the reader gets to delve into the mind of somebody who lived ages before they did.

This highlights the significance of reportage, why is it so important for us to report? Not just for the present, to spread awareness, but also to leave proper documentation for the future to analyse, just as we have been doing with documents of the past, trying to connect the dots of history.

Over the course of our time, man has remained invested in breaking through to new technological advances to make everyday life easier. 

Machine was created to cut down on physical labour and for the first time, the world saw the mass production of goods in rapid time.

Fast forward to 2023, and we are now sitting in a world entirely supported by machine. The time of self-sufficiency is over. In our society, our lives wholly revolve around them for the sake of our comfort. 

Phones, laptops, cars, aeroplanes, trains, ATMs, air conditioners, and heaters, are just a few appliances we use on a daily basis, without which the lives of many would crumble.

However, the invention that completely altered the course of our evolution would be the invention of the internet. 30 years ago, on the 30th of April, 1993, the World Wide Web was made accessible to the public.

It crept its way to every nook and cranny it could and now trillion gigabytes of data are in the hands of each and every human being that can afford to access it. The overall pace picked up by humanity seemed to be quicker than ever before.

This, of course, was also not enough. Mankind is always willing to test its limits. Hence came the next chapter, the creation of an artificial body, an entity in itself. The creation of machine to decrease physical labour felt inadequate. 

Man wanted life to be effortless, we consider ourselves so superior, that we refuse to even think for ourselves, therefore the creation of Artificial Intelligence. The most popular example of this would be Chat GPT, launched on the 30th of November, 2022, an AI created to help people structure their thoughts and opinions into words not written by themselves.

Artificial Intelligence is a body that has been created to think for us. To research data, store it, assimilate it, paraphrase it, and structure it in detail in the form required by the user. Chat GPT uses web scraping as a tool using automated methods to scan websites, retrieve data and synthesize it to provide the user with a well-grounded assimilation of it. 

It also has a plug-in feature which allows it to interconnect with third-party websites. Chat GPT uses the Bing API which permits two or more computer programs to communicate and uses it to navigate through the web to gather data. It can cite every source so that the user has access to every website it went through.

Students are now using Chat GPT to write their assignments, and even people working in multinational corporations use it to assimilate data and statistics. The need has become so severe that people are now using it to write mail since formatting an e-mail has become such a task.

We are dealing with an entity beyond our understanding. A trillion gigabytes of data, endless information at the fingertips of this AI. The majesty of the human brain is undeniable, but can the brain possibly compete with an AI whose brain we can potentially attribute to the entire internet?

There is nothing stopping companies from permanently resorting to using AI to achieve profitability. The wheel is already set in motion, just in the month of July of 2022, the founder and CEO of e-commerce firm Dukaan, Suumit Shah took to X(formerly called Twitter) to announce that 90% of the customer crew of his company has been replaced by an AI chatbot.

He added that the response time has dropped from a whopping two hours to just three minutes and the cost related to customer care was brought down by 85%.

Being sentient beings, our species has evolved beyond belief. We have the privilege to read or write anything we desire in detail, and we can preserve our beliefs for future generations. The world today is obsessed with taking the easy way out because of how fast-paced society has become.

In the past writers, and documentarians from all over the globe went to great lengths to collect, assimilate, and structure data. People spent years trying to extract the information necessary, going through extensive bodies of work, scriptures, research papers, articles, books, speeches, and various other documents. 

They did this all to keep the populace aware of world events, to provide them with entertainment or even just writing for fun.

At the centre of it all remains effort, and creativity. However, now there is an entity that can produce material in a matter of seconds, in turn reducing the effort we put in to educate ourselves, leading to the inevitable culmination of creativity.

Without creativity, our credibility to commit to the task will be put to the test. Our skills may fall short in the face of Artificial Intelligence. Looking at journalism and writing as an example, will man be able to make the effort and hold on to creativity?

 

The problem is that if our mind isn’t put to work, and is given constant chances to escape effort, it will lead to the impotency of the human brain. If the students of today use interfaces as a loophole to avoid the task at hand, the pattern will spread and over the course of time, it is bound to become a habit. 

In the near future, resorting to Artificial Intelligence will become the norm, just as relying on machinery, technology, and the internet became the social norm.

The facts are displayed in front of us very clearly. Humanity must be able to spot the pattern otherwise all we can do is sit back and watch our own downfall. Companies will always vouch for their profitability and benefit. It will be difficult to hold on to reality as we know it. 

There will be no jobs left for man if we accept and allow AI to become a part of our lives and the social norm. The progress of Artificial intelligence must be put to a stop or at least slowed for the preservation of the future of upcoming generations.

Resources

https://botpress.com/blog/does-chatgpt-save-data#:~:text=So%2C%20where%20does%20ChatGPT%20get,stores%20it%20in%20its%20database.

https://cointelegraph.com/news/chatgpt-can-now-access-the-internet-with-new-openai-plugins#:~:text=Join%20us%20on%20social%20networks,introduced%20by%20its%20creator,%20OpenAI

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK231624/#:~:text=In%20evolutionary%20terms%2C%20if%20objective,off%20from%20the%20lesser%20apes.

https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dukaan-ceo-replaces-90-of-customer-support-staff-with-ai-chatbot-internet-angry-4197641#pfrom-instagram

https://cointelegraph.com/news/chatgpt-can-now-access-the-internet-with-new-openai-plugins#:~:text=Join%20us%20on%20social%20networks,introduced%20by%20its%20creator,%20OpenAI.

Images

https://feeds.abplive.com/onecms/images/uploaded-images/2023/05/18/48a0f3031002ea28e4913062116ef0381684423930331324_original.jpg?impolicy=abp_cdn&imwidth=650

https://cepr.org/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_small/public/voxeu-cover-image/Hartmann_Maschinenhalle_1868_%252801%2529.jpg?itok=dxF3XNKc

https://images.inc.com/uploaded_files/image/1920×1080/getty_910319072_387225.jpg

https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1168/0*bb87estJQdKJTiqf.jpeg

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Categories
Med Res

Precision Revolution: CRISPR, AI and the Future of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals

Written by : Oswald Yap Tingzhe on Digilah (Student Research)

My Bio

I am a 2nd year student at Nanyang Technological University. The inspiration for this research article is the rapid and advanced development of AI and CRISPR technology in the medical field. AI’s rapid data analysis transforms drug development, while CRISPR precision revolutionizes genetic modification. Together, these two incredible technologies result in groundbreaking developments, shaping the future of healthcare with innovative treatments and personalized medicine.

Read my article below:

Section 1: CRISPR Technology

CRISPR technology is derived from bacterial immune systems to facilitate precise gene modification. It is made up of short repetitive DNA sequences that contain “spacer” sequences, which contain viral genetic information.

By utilizing Cas9 enzyme as molecular scissors, RNA molecules can guide CRISPR to target and edits specific genes precisely. With this capability, scientists can introduce new genes or modify existing sequences accurately.

CRISPR has a profound impact on treating genetic disease, because it can modify faulty genes that are responsible for these hereditary conditions. Therefore, CRISPR can treat diseases that cannot be treated through therapeutic interventions.

This makes CRISPR a revolutionary tool in the pursuit of precise and effective treatments for many genetic diseases. This is due to its precision, versatility, and transformative impact.

A group of scientists from China has demonstrated that CRISPR can eliminate or inactivate carcinogenic viral infection (cancers are caused by gene mutations). They have proven that CRISPR can treat cancer when it is applied to human viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and HPV16.

For example, HPV16 and HPV18 viruses can induce cervical cancers by Papillomavirus E6 and E7 viral proteins. Bacterial CRISPR/Cas RNA guided endonuclease can be reprogrammed to HPV-transformed cells to knockout (delete) E6 and E7 genes.

One of the clinical challenges faced is the off-target effects even though CRISPR can edit and modify gene precisely. Many researchers have reported that the CRISPR-Cas9 technology cause gene modification in other undesired genomic loci. As a result, this will reduce the efficacy of gene modification.

To reduce the off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9, a scientist from Harvard university has modified the Cas9 protein to enhance the recognition of target DNA. Hence, it can improve the on-target specificity and efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Section 2: AI accelerates drug development

The advanced algorithms of artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize the development of drug by analyzing extensive dataset with speed and accuracy. 

These algorithms can identify potential drug candidates more efficiently than traditional methods. Due to its ability to identify intricate pattern and relationships within the extensive and diverse data, it can lead to more informed decision-making.

The complex algorithm in AI can also reduce the time and resources required for early-stage research. Hence, this innovative application of AI marks a paradigm shift, creating the hope of streamlining drug discovery to bring novel and effective treatments to patients more swiftly.

AI has emerged as a possible solution to the problems caused by chemical space of atoms in the pharmaceutical industry. 

The AI algorithms have been increased in computer-aided drug design (CADD) due to the development of technologies and high-performance computer.

The two most common methods of CADD are structure-based drug design and ligand-based drug design. The structure-based drug design analyzes the three-dimensional of proteins, while the ligand-based CADD uses the information of studied active and inactive molecules.

Machine learning computational algorithms, such as support vector machine (SVM), has ensured to improve the activity of bioactive components. 

The combined methods of both deep-learning and machine-learning has increased the ability, strength, and standard of the evolved products.

In the field of orthopedics, the large amount of data with the inclusion of ML has helped orthopedic surgeons in many aspects of the application. 

For example, the advances in this field to assess the impact on the musculoskeletal system of human beings. This is done to provide value-based healthcare and serving the patients in a better manner.

Section 3: Synergy of CRISPR and AI

The integration of CRISPR and AI has led to a new era of unprecedented advancements in the development of drug discovery

As a result, many critical challenges can be addressed. There will be more novel solutions and the pace of scientific breakthroughs will be accelerated.

The synergy of CRISPR and AI potential drug targets to be identified rapidly in the process of drug discovery and the assessment of their therapeutic viability. 

It would be impossible for human researchers to decipher the massive genomic information. AI algorithms make it possible due to its ability to analyze vast data sets, identifying patterns and relationships.

Furthermore, AI has an important role in optimizing the process of predicting the outcomes of genetic editing in CRISPR experiments. 

This is because the algorithms can anticipate the effects of specific gene edits after studying the previous CRISPR data. In this way, it can learn from past experiments.

The ability of AI to predict results in experiments not only speeds up the experiment, but also reduce risks to increase accuracy. Therefore, the synergy of CRISPR and AI can revolutionize the landscape of biotechnology.

For example, machine-learning (ML) models are trained using existing datasets and can be used to predict the on/off-target effects of the testing datasets (genomic information). 

The current ML models are based on regression-based methods, classification-based methods, and ensemble-based methods.

The advanced ML models enable deep-learning (DL) methods to be applied in the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The models in CIRSPR-Cas9 system consists of multiple layers of interconnected compute units.

The algorithm takes the encoded gRNA-DNA sequence in length 23 in the matrix as input. The convolution layer applies various filters of different sizes to the input matrix.

The next layer performs batch normalization to the output of convolution layer to boost learning and prevent over-fitting.

The last layer (pooling layer) further filters the normalized data from the previous layer. The output of this layer is then passed through multiple layers of deep learning neural network.

The last layer of this network passes the result to the stop layer that will predict whether the input is off-target or on-target.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the combination of CRISPR and AI has led to a revolutionary era in biotechnology. The coupling of the precision of CRISPR in genetic modification and AI in drug development has resulted in a groundbreaking development in drug discovery.

This showcases the transformative potential of this dynamic collaboration.

References:

https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elaa001

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11030-021-10217-3

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/computer-aided-drug-design

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-022-03765-1#Sec14

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323911726000200?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=8464441bdb385ffa

Most asked questions

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Categories
Space Res

Exploring the Cosmos: Technology, AI

Written by Vishnu Jain on Digilah (Student Tech Research).

About me: 

I am Vishnu Jain, Metallurgy & Material Engineering student at IIT Roorkee. I am fascinated by the intersection of technology and space exploration. Space exploration is one of the most important challenges of our time, and I am excited to be a part of the generation that will make life beyond Earth into a reality.

Buckle up, fellow adventurers, for a cosmic expedition like no other. In this era of rapid technological progress, we find ourselves standing on the precipice of discovery, armed with tools that redefine the possibilities of space exploration.

Guided by the audacious vision of the youth, we chart a course towards the unknown, propelled by the synergy of Technology and AI. Together, let us embark on a cosmic odyssey, where technology and AI illuminate the path to enlightenment.

Image credit:  photos by Vecteezy

In our relentless quest for knowledge, technology has emerged as our trusty companion, unlocking the door to celestial mysteries. 

But now, with the integration of AI, we possess an extraordinary tool that revolutionizes the way we explore space. AI algorithms have become the astrophysicists’ secret weapon, capable of sifting through mind-boggling amounts of data collected by telescopes, rovers, and space probes. 

They unveil patterns hidden in the cosmic tapestry, unravel complex phenomena, and provide us with invaluable insights.

As we gaze into the abyss of space, we begin to ponder the enigmatic concept of time complexity. Is time merely a dimension that governs our existence, or can it hold the key to unravelling the universe’s deepest secrets? 

Here, the marriage of technology, AI, and time complexity ignites our curiosity and fuels our exploration. Through simulations and computational models, we are daring to push the boundaries of our understanding, transcending the confines of space and time.

Since the dawn of time, humans have yearned to reach for the stars. Today, propelled by technology and AI, we find ourselves on the cusp of turning this dream into reality. 

Private space exploration companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are redefining the possibilities of space travel. Their audacious vision spans from colonizing Mars to embarking on interstellar voyages. 

This generation’s visionaries are determined to make space travel a thrilling and accessible adventure for all, rewriting the pages of history with each successful launch.

Go through these websites as they are going to blew up your mind!

ISRO Space Exploration       

Space Travel Virgin Galactic     

NASA Telescope

As our knowledge of the cosmos expands, so does our longing to explore its furthest reaches. Breakthrough initiatives like the ambitious breakthrough Starshot project are leading the charge towards interstellar exploration. 

Miniature spacecraft propelled by laser beams may soon traverse the immense distances between neighboring star systems, fueled by technology and guided by AI. 

This is the frontier where human imagination dances with the stars—a realm where technology and AI are our guiding lights.

Fact: Did you know that advancements in technology and AI have enabled scientists to detect over 4,000 exoplanets, each one a tantalizing glimpse into the potential for life beyond our own?

**Image credit: Free Stock photos by Vecteezy

In a recent breakthrough, researchers at NASA utilized AI algorithms to analyze deep-space images and discovered an entirely new class of galaxies, unseen and unimagined before. 

This groundbreaking revelation has fundamentally reshaped our understanding of the cosmos and opened a new chapter in astronomical exploration.

At the forefront of humanity’s quest for cosmic enlightenment, NASA and ISRO stand as beacons of innovation, blazing trails into the unknown. 

Their technological prowess and visionary endeavors have yielded remarkable discoveries and paved the way for future generations of explorers. 

From NASA’s game-changing Hubble Space Telescope, which revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos, to ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission, which made India the first Asian nation to reach the Red Planet, these space agencies have propelled us to new frontiers.

Nowadays private companies are easing space mission by deploying AI. Neurala is a company that uses AI to help spacecraft navigate and avoid obstacles. 

Their technology has been used by NASA and other space agencies to help them safely explore the solar system. 

Exo-Space is a company that uses AI to analyze satellite imagery. Their technology can be used to track space debris, monitor weather patterns, and even identify potential landing sites for future missions.

The universe beckons us, and the youth’s vision of a future intertwined with technology and AI has become an unstoppable force. 

So, let us embrace this journey, knowing that the future belongs to the fearless minds and audacious dreams of the youth, guided by the transformative power of Technology and AI.

**Image credit: photos by Vecteezy

As we push the boundaries of space exploration, we encounter formidable challenges such as limited fuel resources and the constraints of time.

However, technological advancements offer promising solutions to these obstacles. Breakthrough propulsion systems, like ion engines and solar sails, provide efficient and sustainable alternatives, while AI-guided autonomy ensures optimal resource management and real-time decision-making. 

To conclude with the synergy of technology, AI, and human ingenuity, we stand poised on the precipice of a future where space exploration knows no bounds, where fuel scarcity and time constraints are conquered, and where the cosmos becomes our playground for discovery.

Most asked questions

What are exoplanets?

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