The list obtained by this merger is not exhaustive and may contain errors. If you would like to help me improve it by adding new sites or by alerting me to an abusive report, do not hesitate to contact me and/or leave your comments at the bottom of this article.
Below are both pyramid schemes, fake “bitcoin faucets” and a large number of scams related to investing in cryptocurrencies (fake exchanges, fake brokers) or “ mining ”.
Although it is obvious that some projects listed (for example) on Coinmarketcap are, to a greater or lesser degree, scams, I have chosen not to include cryptocurrencies in this list.
Find out more / Bitcoin / cryptocurrencies : sites to avoid – bitcoin.fr
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– stock exchanges that automate the market and maintain accounts in euros for their clients.
In France, they must be backed by an institution with a payment service provider license (credit institution, electronic money institution or payment institution) issued by the ACPR.
– over-the-counter platforms that connect buyers and sellers. To limit thefts and scams, these platforms sequester the bitcoins exchanged and offer a system for evaluating players.
– DEXs (Decentralized Exchanges), over-the-counter platforms that replace the trusted third party with a smart contract.
– brokers who act as intermediaries between stock exchanges and buyers.
– exchangecounters: Brokers who sell bitcoins in a given physical space, often with support for novice customers.
The exchange fees are given here for information only from the information displayed by the exchanges and most often based on a bank transfer.
Please note: – The fees only concern buyers and can be very different for sellers; – on the same platform, the overall cost can vary considerably depending on the volume traded, the trading mode (maker / taker ) and above all the means of payment , bank transfer being preferred for a lower cost.
– there may be hidden charges such as withdrawal fees; – the reference price may vary from broker to broker.
Liquidity: For the largest exchanges I have added an indication (ranging from + to +++) on liquidity, this is an indication to take into consideration if you wish to trade large volumes at the best price.
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Miners perform cryptographic hashes (two successive SHA256) on what is called a block header.For each new hash, the mining software uses a different random number called the nonce. The nonce is an integer value with 32 bits of memory allocated to it.
This means that it is limited to only around 4 billion possibilities, which with the network’s current hashing power is largely insufficient. We therefore add in the hash timestamp of the block in Posix time , constantly updated. Another variable element on which minors can play: the arrangement of transactions.
Including the block number, timestamp, nonce, block data and hash of the previous block, the hash produced will look like this:
This hash can be converted into a very long number. (It is a hexadecimal number, which means that the letters AF are the numbers 10-15). To make mining difficult, there is something calledtarget difficulty.
To create a valid block, a miner must find a hash that is below the target difficulty. For example, if the difficulty is:
Because the target is a bulky number with many digits, a simpler number is usually used to express the current target. This number is called the mining difficulty.Mining difficulty is scaled to the first block created. Which means that a difficulty of 70,000 means 70,000 times more computing power than it took Satoshi Nakamoto to generate the first block, when he was the only miner and only using the CPU of a computer.
When mining a block, miners include a timestamp in the block. Since 2016, this ” timestamp ” allows the network to adjust to the passage of time by calculating the median time spent (MTP), that is to say the median of the timestamps of the last 11 blocks. To be valid, a timestamp cannot be more than two hours in the future relative to the node’s subjective time.
The difficulty changes every 2016 block. The network adjusts the difficulty so that the generation time of these 2016 blocks is 14 days, regardless of the computing power deployed.
Therefore, the difficulty follows the power of the network. The adjustment algorithm is as follows: if the time measured in the period of 2016 blocks is less than 20,160 minutes (expected time), then the difficulty increases to comply with the assumed computing power; if it is higher, then the difficulty decreases. Retargeting is limited to a factor of 4 (multiplication as division) to avoid instabilities.
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Bitcoin transactions are secured. To this end, miners perform mathematical calculations for the Bitcoin network with their computer equipment.
As a reward for their services, they collect the newly minted bitcoins along with the fees from the transactions they confirm. It is halved approximately every four years. On May 11, 2020, this reward increased to 6.25 bitcoins per block.
Miners (or miners’ cooperatives ) are in competition and their income is proportional to the computing power deployed.
“To describe mining, one could use the example of a gigantic sudoku contest where participants start a new grid as soon as someone finds a solution, and whose difficulty adjusts so that on average a grid is resolved every ten minutes. Imagine a giant sudoku grid, with several thousand rows and columns. It would be quite easy to verify that a completed grid is well filled. But […] it will take a lot of work to finish it! The difficulty of the grids can be adjusted by changing their sizes […], but they can still be checked easily even if they are very large. The puzzles to be solved in the bitcoin network are based on cryptographic hashes and have the same characteristics as these sudoku grids: they are very difficult to solve but it is very easy to verify that a solution is correct, and their difficulty can be adjusted. –Andreas M. Antonopoulos.
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Can the meta verse catch our imagination and make it so immersive as a real dream?
I am not a psychologist or a physicist….
Everyone is talking about “The METAVERSE”. Is this really a new concept?
…..I am not a psychologist or a physicist (thank God for that! my brain would explode with the heavy formulas!), though I wish I was one! to be able to connect the emerging new reality of the metaverse to both these fundamental sciences of psychology and quantum physics. However, I will be the end user of the metaverse and I understand a decent amount of technology that goes into creating this new universe called metaverse.
Here is how I understand the need of having a metaverse and envision a future with the metaverse impacting the 7 Bn humans on this planet.
The human mind always wanders to things beyond their physical location and space. So, we have dreams. Nature supported this concept as homo sapiens evolved. Imagination in our sub conscious mind or our wakeful state is what makes us humans different from other species.
We have always tried to capture this need of imagination and transporting ourselves into another world.
The 2 basic needs of the human mind being:
To conquer time
To transport ourselves into another time and location = gather experiences
So how I see the meta verse is an evolution of the human imagination with the innovation of 3D, 4D, 4D…. technology. Some call it Web 3.0
The first new verse had started with a camera and a picture taken when we wanted to capture time. But then as the then technology evolved to video cameras, we created 2 hours of immersing ourselves, our emotions in another world which led to the making of films.
Of course, films were not customised to each one of us. Yes, the gaming industry evolved to more customised simulations for example war games, which should have led to less wars!, as more boys and men imagined and satiated their imagination of shooting others and planes!! But this unfortunately could not stop wars even in the 21st century. However a teenage boy with no legs can play an immersive football game and score goals and feel the rush of adrenaline through him and make him a winner!
So now with the metaverse every individual can realise their own head space. The question is “Can we still beat nature’s 30 sec film called “DREAM”?” Maybe.
The meta verse is just the start, where we want to imagine not only while sleeping but also when awake!
The Metaverse consists of a 3D virtual world where users interact with various spaces and virtual reality components using digital avatars. We all know large IT companies, such as Facebook and Microsoft are busy exploiting its potential. We will soon see notions of 3D virtual reality in metaverse projects embodied in a range of spheres — from a virtual land market to an office space. Some of the short term use cases of this are gaming,remote work environment in virtual spaces, tourism, education, fashion, medicine, shopping, real estate etc.
The marketers are the first customers of this extended reality. There are big brands, big social media platforms who want to own this imagination of the human mind and sell more, easily giving their customers a real experience of what their products, services look like. Tickling the human imagination with more customised rooms, products, and services.
Yes, Metaverse has made it to the top contenders of the most trending key words of 2021. Metaverse is here to offer a parallel virtual universe to all of us. The Metaverse opens a whole new world of economic prospects, from virtual music events to NFT-based products, to name a few.
So, will “METAVERSE” just stop with being another commercial success for big brands and companies or will we be able to really change human lives with this immersive and imaginative technology.
Before I start dreaming future use cases of this new reality, a question that comes to my mind is how will the metaverse look in a non IOT world. Can it function in a non IOT world bringing back the 2 fundamental sciences of psychology and quantum physics together? along with our human desire to conquer time and transport ourselves into a different or unknown arena.
Will we be able to capture the Theory of quantum physics in which an infinite number of ever-growing alternate realities are created by our choices. In any alternate reality any choice that is made creates universes where each choice is explored.
Will we be able to catch “THE DREAM” as best as nature has been doing it for us? in 30 sec sleep mode, without the help of IOT!
Here I want to explore a life changing use case of the meta verse which can change the world 100 years from now. Will the Metaverse help me be in 2 places at the same time? Can I experience an alternate life experience? Can the meta verse quench my thirst sitting in a desert without having water around me?
The Big Tech billionaires are all headed to search another verse, away from our current universe – called Earth. This new verse can be exploring another universe or another planet, or creating an imaginary verse where all our dreams, needs, desires, and wants are fulfilled at the click of a button or a count down as the space shuttle takes off!
The future of this new verse whether “meta” or “mars” is linked to our need to transport ourselves to different experiences and the need is indeed important as our life span has increased over the last century. On average we accomplish our physical responsibity of pro creation, wealth creation, productivity by age 50 and then are living upto 100 and imagining immortality! So, what do we do with our imagination from 50 to infinite life expectancy.. Let it rust!
We need to create experiences to truly enjoy life.
As I envision the new verses, meta or mars will in the future have new experiences circulate within the 7 Bn people with science and technology providing them not only imaginary but real experiences like quenching thirst sitting in a desert to the need for humans to not be born again and again to experience different life situations. It will create the power to have the same 7 Bn experience different combinations of life in the real verse and the meta verse. Guess the need to explore space may cease then!
This exploration of the new verse and the future reality comes with a great amount of responsibility on our current generation and the big tech giants. The creation of a virtual universe can pose several challenges in the coming 50 years. The metaverse will still not be a replacement for the real world but it should represent an improvement on it in every possible way. Even looking at our 30 sec dreams, the psychologists are still deciphering them. So, as we create the new universes there will be many unanswered questions passed on to the next generation. These unanswered gaps towards creating a perfect new verse must be passed on carefully, articulately, and responsibly to the future generation to not only catch but to CONTROL THE DREAM.
